La crisis sanitaria provocada por el SARS-COV2 ha planteado la necesidad de un cierto control social por parte de los Gobiernos como medida para luchar más eficazmente contra la pandemia. Este control social puede ejercerse, entre otras formas, a través de las tecnologías y en especial las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones (TIC). El abanico de posibilidades es muy amplio y recibe un tratamiento distinto, así como diferentes aplicaciones, según el régimen político, la religión o religiones y en (...) general la cultura de cada país. El control social no es una cosa nueva y lo ejercen no solo los estados, sino también las empresas —en especial las tecnológicas— con objetivos distintos pero quizás con mayor eficacia. Algunas de ellas basan su modelo de negocio precisamente en el control social. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo intentamos realizar un ejercicio filosófico reflexivo de la noción de ecosofía de Félix Guattari, desde un entrecruzamiento con la estética, las micropolíticas y la educación. Expandiendo los resultados conceptuales de un trabajo de investigación realizado sobre ecología y biopolítica en la educación, nos interesa problematizar las tramas microfísicas con las que el Capitalismo Mundial Integrado gestiona las afecciones y produce las subjetividades sensibles que hoy habitan en las instituciones educativas. Con ello, pretendemos pensar las posibles prácticas (...) de libertad o revoluciones moleculares, con las cuales habitar los espacios pedagógicos y vitales, en medio de una avanzada intensificación temática de las emociones en las agendas educativas. Finalmente, como última instancia, deseamos pensar la educación desde la interacción de las tres ecologías, mentales, sociales y cosmológicas, delineando un horizonte posible para desplegar el imaginario de una práctica ecosófico-estética en los haceres pedagógicos. (shrink)

El cuerpo es el espacio de pensamiento que permite acercar la actividad del pensamiento filosófico y la reflexión deportiva. Este trabajo no trata de elaborar una tesis sobre la filosofía del deporte, sino encontrar un agón común que motive a pensar tanto en la filosofía como en el deporte. Con esto se intenta proponer, a partir de las filosofías de Gilles Deleuze y de Michel Serres, que el cuerpo es una fuerza que libera un combate sobre el pensamiento, sea en (...) lo filosófico como en lo deportivo. En ambos casos, el cuerpo y sus tensiones, moviliza el pensamiento en ambas disciplinas citadas, provocando un devenir- atleta del filósofo y un devenir-filósofo del atleta. (shrink)

La filosofía deleuziana ha pasado por reiteradas críticas desde la ortodoxia de la academia, debido a su fuerte impronta de innovación en muchos de los aspectos estrictamente disciplinares que la filosofía tradicionalmente ha tomado como propios. En el presente trabajo, siguiendo fundamentalmente la propuesta de su última obra ¿Qué es la filosofía? (1991), se intenta un retrato de la concepción deleuziana de la filosofía, entendida como creación de conceptos, a partir de una serie de movimientos (dramatizar, fabular e intervenir) que (...) subyacen a la elaboración conceptual de la filosofía. Estos movimientos se entienden como operaciones coextensivas con la tríada deleuziana de trazar el plano de inmanencia, inventar personajes conceptuales y crear conceptos. En definitiva, se propone una posible lectura de la filosofía deleuziana como una actividad lúdica que pervierte los ámbitos y procedimientos habituales de la filosofía occidental. (shrink)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment, the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.MethodsStructural MRI was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT profiles, namely, A−T−−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−−: AD pathologic change; and A+T++: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.ResultsAn initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe areas was found in the A+T−− and (...) A+T++ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T++ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status.ConclusionsMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers. (shrink)

The article looks at the way in which Latinas in the United States conceived evangelism. It explores the writings of mujerista theologian Ada María Isasi-Díaz in her construction of a praxis oriented model for evangelism based on a strategy of daily-life survival. The concept of interpersonal relationships based on divine transcendence guides the discussion to embrace the arts, especially salsa music as offered to the Afro-Caribbean deities, as a source of sharing good news in a new tune. Thus the article (...) tries to interlace theoria, praxis, and poiesis. (shrink)

Resumen:Este artículo presenta una lectura crítica de la filosofía de Enrique Dussel, donde se consideran los quiebres y continuidades de su proyecto ético temprano y maduro. El objetivo de la investigación es explorar y exponer el pensamiento del autor en relación con las problemáticas, críticas y polémicas que presenta. Para esto se esclarecen las posiciones éticas y políticas tempranas de su filosofía, la atingencia de la crítica de Horacio Cerutti, la estructura de la ética madura, el debate con Karl-Otto Apel, (...) la estructura de la política de la liberación y la crítica de Santiago Castro-Gómez. El texto presenta una lectura secular y crítica de una de las filosofías de la liberación más relevantes en Latinoamérica.Palabras clave: Enrique Dussel; filosofía de la liberación; filosofía latinoamericana; modernidad/decolonialidad; Santiago Castro-Gómez. (shrink)

RESUMEN El presente artículo está dirigido a sistematizar una concepción teórica y metodológica que sustente el proceso de extensión universitaria en la carrera de Medicina en Cuba. Entre los resultados se destaca el lugar y papel de la extensión universitaria en el sistema de la formación integral del profesional a la que se asigna una connotación especial, de marcado contenido axiológico, coherente con las necesidades y proyecciones sociales que facilita la formación del educando y fortalece la relación institución-comunidad. Es factible (...) de ser aplicado pues puede devenir en una importante contribución a elevar el impacto social de la docencia médica en tanto atiendan aspectos como la preparación de los implicados en las diferentes instancias; la colaboración de los consejos populares y los factores de la comunidad que se manifiestan en el modo de actuación del profesional. ABSTRACT The present article is directed to systematize a theoretical and methodological conception that sustains the process of university extension in the career of Cuban medicine. Among the results he/she stands out the place and paper of the university extension in the system of the integral formation from the professional to which a special connotation is assigned, of marked axiological contained, coherent with the necessities and social projections that it facilitates the formation of the educating and it strengthens the relationship institution-community. It is feasible of being applied then it can become in an important contribution to elevate the social impact of the medical teaching as long as they assist aspects like the preparation of those implied in the different instances; the collaboration of the popular advice and the factors of the community that are manifested in the way of the professional's performance. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una lectura crítica de la filosofía de Enrique Dussel, donde se consideran los quiebres y continuidades de su proyecto ético temprano y maduro. El objetivo de la investigación es explorar y exponer el pensamiento del autor en relación con las problemáticas, críticas y polémicas que presenta. Para esto se esclarecen las posiciones éticas y políticas tempranas de su filosofía, la atingencia de la crítica de Horacio Cerutti, la estructura de la ética madura, el debate con Karl-Otto Apel, (...) la estructura de la política de la liberación y la crítica de Santiago Castro-Gómez. El texto presenta una lectura secular y crítica de una de las filosofías de la liberación más relevantes en Latinoamérica. (shrink)

We describe the informed consent procedures in a research clinic in Santiago, Chile, and a qualitative study that evaluated these procedures. The recruitment process involves information, counseling and screening of volunteers, and three or four visits to the clinic. The study explored the decision‐making process of women participating in contraceptive trials through 36 interviews. Women understood the research as experimentation or progress. The decision to participate was facilitated by the information provided; time to consider it and to discuss it (...) with partners or relatives; and perceived benefits such as quality of care, non‐cost provision of methods and medical care. For some women, participation was an opportunity to express altruism. The main obstacles for participation were perceived side effects or risks. The final risk‐benefit balance was strongly influenced by women’s needs. Women perceived that the consent form benefited the clinic, proving that participants had made a free decision, and benefited the volunteers by warranting their right to free medical care. The most important problem detected was occasional misunderstanding of the information given on the form. We concluded that a full decision‐making process enhances women’s ability to exercise their right to choose, and assures research institutions that trials are conducted without coercion and that the participants are committed to the study. Researchers have the responsibility of conducting this process. (shrink)

Como muy bien lo dice el autor, su interesante libro fue fruto de una discusión a mitad del camino del último gobierno de 6 años que, en la multiplicidad de ensayos institucionales postdictadura, ha tenido el país: el de Ricardo Lagos. Este es un tema de debate en todos los países que han adoptado un sistema económico de más o menos libre mercado, y no lo es en los demás porque en ellos no se discute lo que sus gobiernos hacen.Finalmente, (...) como se recordará, dicho período presidencial concluy.. (shrink)

Los años 80 han atraido, en los últimos tiempos, una serie de miradas nostálgicas, sobre todo hacia su música. Lejos de esa atmósfera está “ El Canto Nuevo de Chile. Un Legado Musical ”, de Patricia Díaz-Inostroza.Por el contrario, se trata de una investigación que, si bien está centrada en el movimiento llamado Canto Nuevo, abarca mucho más que eso, dejando en claro las profundas raíces históricas que afirman este tipo de música. Ese es un aporte innegable, que permite al (...) lector (o lectora) .. (shrink)

Reseña: Díaz Tejo, Javier. Espiritualidad ¡Ahora! Para un desarrollo humano integral y sostenido. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Finis Terrae, 2017.

I argue that a standard formulation of hinge epistemology is host to epistemic relativism and show that two leading hinge approaches (Coliva’s acceptance account and Pritchard’s nondoxastic account) are vulnerable to a form of incommensurability that leads to relativism. Building on both accounts, I introduce a new, minimally epistemic conception of hinges that avoids epistemic relativism and rationally resolves hinge disagreements. According to my proposed account, putative cases of epistemic incommensurability are rationally resolvable: hinges are propositions that are the objects (...) of our belief-like attitudes and are rationally revisable in virtue of our overarching commitment to avoid systematic deception in our epistemic practices. (shrink)

I argue against the Standard View of ignorance, according to which ignorance is defined as equivalent to lack of knowledge, that cases of environmental epistemic luck, though entailing lack of knowledge, do not necessarily entail ignorance. In support of my argument, I contend that in cases of environmental luck an agent retains what I call epistemic access to the relevant fact by successfully exercising her epistemic agency and that ignorance and non-ignorance, contrary to what the Standard View predicts, are not (...) modal in the sense that knowledge is. After responding to objections, I conclude by sketching an alternative account of ignorance centered on the notions of epistemic access and epistemic agency. (shrink)

Itinerario.--Redescubrimiento de la Piedra Nietzsche.--Carta de la Sra. Cati Knaus.--Carta de la Fundación "Casa Nietzsche en Sils-Maria."--Carta del director del "Archivo Goethe-Schiller," en Weimar.--Wiederentdeckung des "Nietzsche-Steins."--En el Monte de los Olivas.--Un vino llamado "Nicolaus Machiavellus."--Carta de la Società vinicola dei conti Serristori.--Un vino chiamato "Nicolaus Machiavellus.".

Este artículo está escrito para una colección de ensayos introductorios sobre filosofía de las ciencias cognitivas. Es una revisión (selectiva) de la literatura sobre la psicología del juicio moral.

An important question in the debate regarding the nature of politically significant human kinds, such as gender, race, and sexual orientations, is concerned with the question of whether these human kinds are socially constructed (Stein 1999; Root 2000; Haslanger 2012; and Ásta 2013). In order to settle this debate, a more fundamental question needs to be answered: what does it mean to say that a category is socially constructed? -/- Recently, many philosophers have become interested in this issue (Hacking 1999; (...) Stein 1999; Haslanger 2003; Mallon 2007; Diaz-Leon 2015; Ásta 2015). They all seem to agree that there is not a single notion of social construction, but rather, there are different notions of social construction for different purposes. The important question in order to formulate a useful notion of social construction, then, is which project is at issue, and which notion of social construction is more useful for the purposes of that project. In this chapter I will focus on two projects that social constructivists are often interested in, namely, (i) the project of arguing against the inevitability of a trait, that is, to show that those features are not determined by human nature; and (ii) the project of arguing against the universality of a trait, that is, to show that a certain human category or kind is not a universal, transcultural, culture-independent property and that it cannot be applied to other cultures, places, and times; and I will discuss which notion of social construction is more useful with respect to each project. -/- My main questions, then, will be the following: (a) Is there any notion of social construction that entails that if X is socially constructed, then X is not inevitable, that is, X is not determined by human nature? (b) Is there any notion of social construction that entails that if X is socially constructed, then X is not transcultural or universal? (shrink)

Are feelings an essential part or aspect of emotion? Cases of unconscious emotion suggest that this is not the case. However, it has been claimed that unconscious emotions are better understood as either (a) emotions that are phenomenally conscious but not reflectively conscious, or (b) dispositions to have emotions rather than emotions proper. Here, I argue that these ways of accounting for unconscious emotions are inadequate, and propose a view of emotions as non-phenomenal attitudes that regard their contents as relevant (...) to one's motivations. (shrink)

In this paper, I focus on an influential account of phenomenal concepts, the recognitional account, and defend it from some recent challenges. According to this account, phenomenal concepts are recognitional concepts that we use when we recognize experiences as “another one of those.” Michael Tye has argued that this account is viciously circular because the relevant recognitional abilities involve descriptions of the form “another experience of the same type,” which is also a phenomenal concept. Tye argues that we avoid the (...) circularity worry if we explain the reference-fixing of phenomenal concepts in terms of dispositions to re-identify tokens of the same type without appealing to any further phenomenal concepts. However, he argues, this account is incompatible with the intuitive claim that phenomenal concepts seem to involve rich modes of presentation of their referents. Philip Goff and others have similarly argued that a recognitional account of phenomenal concepts would make phenomenal concepts opaque, that is, unable to reveal anything about their referents, which seems problematic. In this paper, I present a new version of the recognitional account that avoids the circularity worry without entailing that phenomenal concepts are opaque. (shrink)

A widespread need to explain the behavior and outcomes of AI-based systems has emerged, due to their ubiquitous presence. Thus, providing renewed momentum to the relatively new research area of eXplainable AI (XAI). Nowadays, the importance of XAI lies in the fact that the increasing control transference to this kind of system for decision making -or, at least, its use for assisting executive stakeholders- already affects many sensitive realms (as in Politics, Social Sciences, or Law). The decision-making power handover to (...) opaque AI systems makes mandatory explaining those, primarily in application scenarios where the stakeholders are unaware of both the high technology applied and the basic principles governing the technological solutions. The issue should not be reduced to a merely technical problem; the explainer would be compelled to transmit richer knowledge about the system (including its role within the informational ecosystem where he/she works). To achieve such an aim, the explainer could exploit, if necessary, practices from other scientific and humanistic areas. The first aim of the paper is to emphasize and justify the need for a multidisciplinary approach that is beneficiated from part of the scientific and philosophical corpus on Explaining, underscoring the particular nuances of the issue within the field of Data Science. The second objective is to develop some arguments justifying the authors’ bet by a more relevant role of ideas inspired by, on the one hand, formal techniques from Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, and on the other hand, the modeling of human reasoning when facing the explanation. This way, explaining modeling practices would seek a sound balance between the pure technical justification and the explainer-explainee agreement. (shrink)

Padilla, Jesús. "Reflexionando acerca de la gramática filosófica", Areté [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú] 24.2 (2012): 323-349.

This paper argues that “free will” is vague. The argument has two steps. First, I argue that free will is a matter of degrees and, second, that there are no sharp boundaries separating free decisions and actions and non‐free ones. After presenting the argument, I focus on one significant consequence of the thesis, although others are mentioned along the way. In short, considerations of vagueness help understand the logic behind so‐called manipulation arguments, but also show why these arguments are ultimately (...) flawed. (shrink)

Resumo: Meu objetivo aqui é indagar como devemos entender a literatura das sagas, textos em prosa islandeses da Idade Medía; O ápice da produção de sagas ocorreu entre a segunda metade do século XIII e a primeira metade do XIV. Estou interessado de modo geral na representação que essas sagas produziram a respeito do período alto-medieval dos “vikings”, onde frequentemente sucede a ação contida em seus relatos; e pontualmente, na figura dos pagãos e dos magos do período pré-cristão ali apresentada.